Study on the Canine Adenovirus Type 1 (CAdV-1) Infection in Domestic Dogs in Southern Italy.

Canine adenovirus type 1 (CAdV-1) is the causative agent of a systemic and potentially fatal viral disease of domestic and wild canids. In Italy, CAdV-1 infection has also been occasionally described in dogs, but information on the epidemiology and its genomic features is still limited. A study was conducted on 291 dogs suspected of infectious gastrointestinal disease. Samples collected from dogs in southern Italy between 2017 and 2020 were analyzed. Virological and histopathological assays were carried out. The presence of CAdVs and other canine viral enteropathogens was investigated, and sequence and phylogenetic analyses were performed. CAdV-1 was detected in six (2.1%) dead stray dogs alone or in mixed infections with other viruses. Gross lesions and histopathological findings referred to CAdV infection were observed, also involving the central nervous system tissues. All inoculated samples were successfully isolated. Sequence analysis evidenced divergences with the circulating strains previously described in Italy and a closer relation with older CAdV-1 strains collected from other countries, suggesting a genetic heterogeneity of CAdV-1 in Italy. The evidence of the circulation of CAdV-1 and its genomic features allows us to have more in-depth knowledge of the epidemiology and evolution of the CAdV-1 genomic variants.

Surveillance and Analysis of Canine Respiratory Coronavirus Infection in Beijing

This study aimed to analyse the pathogenic characteristics and the epidemiological situation of canine respiratory coronavirus (CRCoV) in Beijing. From December 2015 to March 2017, Pharynx nasal swabs from 487 dogs were collected and reverse transcriptional polymerase chain reactions was used to detect CRCoV. Meanwhile, some of the samples were also used to detected canine parainfluenza virus (CPIV), canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV-2) and canine distemper virus (CDV) for exploring the situation of mixed infection. The results showed that: 1) The positive rates of CRCoV was 21.36% (104/487). The mixed infection rates of CRCoV and CPIV, CAV-2, CDV were 3.43% (11/321), 0% (0/156) and 3.85% (6/156) respectively. 2) Among all 455 cases which had respiratory symptom records, dogs which had non-respiratory symptom accounting for 27.19% of all dogs without respiratory symptoms, dogs which had mild respiratory symptoms (coughing and nasal discharging) accounting for 19.73% of all dogs with mild respiratory symptoms, dogs which had moderate to severe respiratory symptoms (pneumonia) accounting for 14.28% of all dogs with moderate to severe respiratory symptoms. 3) From November 2016 to March 2017, the mixed infection between CRCoV and CPIV, CAV-2, CDV in 146 cases was explored. The mixed infection rates of the dogs which were tested CRCoV positive and had non-respiratory symptom was 12.50%. The mixed infection rates of the dogs which were tested CRCoV positive and had mild respiratory symptoms was 41.18%. The mixed infection rates of the dogs which were tested CRCoV positive and had moderate to severe respiratory symptoms was 100.00%. 4) The infection rates of CRCoV varied from 15.56% to 22.97% in different age groups among 454 samples. Except for the high positive rates in July, the positive rates in cold season is higher than warm season. These results indicated that the pathogenicity of CRCoV is rather weak. Dogs suffer pure infection of this virus often show non-respiratory symptom or mild respiratory symptoms. Dogs which are CRCoV positive suffer mixed infection often show mild respiratory symptoms or moderate to severe respiratory symptoms. This virus is more likely to be prevalent in winter and spring. The infection rates has no significant relationship with age. Copyright © 2022 Editorial Board, Institute of Animal Science of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. All rights reserved.

Compatibility between a rabies vaccine and two canine combined vaccines against canine distemper, adenovirosis, parvovirosis, parainfluenza virus disease and leptospirosis, with or without canine coronavirus.

In many countries, vaccination programs still require dogs to be vaccinated against rabies in addition to Canine distemper virus (CDV), adenovirus (CAV), parvovirus (CPV), parainfluenza virus (CPiV), Leptospira (L) or Canine coronavirus (CCV= Cv). Few vaccines containing all these antigens are commercially available and, unless compatibility between the vaccines was demonstrated, concurrent administration of a DAPPi-L(Cv) vaccine and a vaccine against rabies should not be recommended. This may be of concern for practitioners who wish to vaccinate dogs with all components on the same day. This study aimed at evaluating immunological compatibility between a monovalent rabies vaccine (Rabisin™) and two large combination vaccines against CDV, CAV, CPV, CPiV with 2 leptospira components +Cv (Recombitek® C6/Cv) or with 4 Leptospira components (Recombitek® C8), when injected concomitantly at two separate injection sites. Fourteen days after administration of the rabies vaccine, with or without concomitant administration of combo vaccines, all dogs had seroconverted against rabies and maintained protective titers over the duration of the study. In addition, 100% of the puppies vaccinated with one or the other combo vaccines seroconverted against CDV, CAV, CPV, CPiV (CCV) and Leptospira, whatever the vaccination group. Lack of immunological interference between Rabisin™ and all components of the Recombitek® C6/Cv or Recombitek® C8 Combo vaccines was demonstrated by non-inferiority analysis, except for CDV in the Recombitek®C8+ Rabisin™ group. Based on these results, a concomitant administration of Rabisin™ with Recombitek® C6/Cv or Recombitek® C8 can be recommended in daily practice, which can be essential for facilitating vaccination compliance.